Abiogenesis and its denial

The origin of life is still shrouded in mystery. Creationists frequently use abiogenesis in their evidence for God and design: because life is very complex and its origin problematic for science, it must have been be directly created by God.  

Ichihashi & Yomo describe the various steps that were necessary for life to emerge. 

First, there needed to be a setting for life to emerge. A star needed to be formed alongside a planet at the right distance from the star.

Second, the components of RNA, ribonucleotides, and amino acids must have been created abiologically beforehand.

Third, polymers must have arisen that can work as information storage molecules, perform enzymatic activities, or carry out other biological functions.

Fourth, there must have been molecules with self-replicating activity.

Fifth, many kinds of molecules, such as polynucleotides, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, needed to work in concert for the growth and maintenance of the whole.

Sixth, life had to gain the ability to evolve and diversify.

Biochemists have devised models to solve the matter such as RNA-world, protein-world and lipid world. Yet, the case remains unsolved. 

Proponents of ID favor the fine-tuning argument, which should not be unfamiliar to anyone who is familiar with the arguments for design and God. In essence, this argument says that God has impressed on matter such laws that it self-organizes to produce life. However, it is assumed that this fine-tuning can not extend to the actual emergence of life. For proponents of ID, the probability of life arising is still so infinitesimally small that it can be confidently ruled out as a possibility. For this reason, the study of abiogenesis is frequently portrayed by proponents of ID and other creationists as ultimately futile and hopeless, it is even ridiculed and called pseudoscientific. 

So, first, they praise physicists for proving fine-tuning: there must be a design in the universe because the universe is set up to produce life. Then they fight abiogenesis tooth and nail, and mock its proponents and researchers. The universe is fine-tuned for life - but if it were discovered that it was actually able to produce life, that would disprove design/God. The processes must not extend that far. God fine-tuned the universe so that the conditions for life, such as the biomolecules that are found in space and of course, the solar system itself, are created naturally. But not life itself, which requires supernatural intervention and artificial design work.  

Any argument for God that involves the origin of life, has to assume that God set up the physics of the universe. If God exists, he must have caused the Big Bang. If God is to interfere in the universe, He/It must first set it up. In Intelligent Design theology, it is believed God must have set up the physical laws of the universe and designed them for life. But, he could not have designed them so well that life could emerge spontaneously as a result of their normal operation.  

So, it is believed that life cannot arise naturally, even if an omnipotent being has fine-tuned the laws of nature to do so. If the universe produces steps 1 and 2 of the formation of life, this is evidence of God and design. If the universe produces all the steps, the process goes too far. This would be evidence against God and design. In their worldview, the universe is “allowed” to spontaneously create the right conditions and ingredients for life, but not life itself. Supposedly, according to many creationists, there is a "law of biogenesis" that prevents this. The laws of nature are fine-tuned to generate life; but there is also a law of nature that prevents the generation (genesis) of life (bio). The laws of nature were created in the beginning to bring about life, but life itself cannot arise without the intervention of the Designer. This is contradictory and completely nonsensical given the vastness of the universe. They want to eat the cake and keep it, too.

What is never discussed is the option that seems most feasible. The universe naturally and spontaneously produces life because it is designed to do so. God set the laws of nature, created the material universe with such properties that it would create life. 

Proponents of ID often speak of “mindless”, "unguided", or "undirected" processes. In what sense are they unguided? There are at least two ways to understand (un)guidedness or (un)directedness. You could argue that the processes are internally guided. The universe naturally and automatically brings forth life because the laws of nature guide it so. The universe “knows” how to produce the components of life in the stars and spread them across the planets. The universe has a intrinsic tendency to create life where it can. This would make life part of the natural design of the universe.

The second possibility is that they are externally guided. This would mean that a conscious designer agent is actively involved in the creation of life and assists the process along. This actor, presumably the Intelligent Designer, manipulates the molecules and environment in appropriate ways to manually initiate life. Despite setting up the universe with its fine-tuned laws of nature, God/ID has to intervene to jumpstart life. This would be called artificial design.

The latter option is fraught with difficulties. First, it is near impossible to prove conclusively since it is based on supernatural intervention. This option being true, we cannot know how life came into being. It is also difficult to place this version of an intervening God in our vast universe, where there could be countless places suitable for life. New star systems are also constantly forming in space. Theologically, a very awkward image emerges of God as a micromanager of life. What would be the point of creating life through intervention when one could do without it; how is this version of design “intelligent”?

Source for stages of abiogenesis:

Ichihashi, Norikazu & Yomo, Tetsuya

2016 Constructive Approaches for Understanding the Origin of Self-Replication and Evolution. Life. 6. 26.

This is the Intelligent Designer's space ship as imagined by AI. It has massive tanks full of of amino acids, bases of RNA and DNA, and all kinds of ingredients for life. With this ship, the Intelligent Designer flies around artificially inseminating the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 star systems of the universe. According to some estimates, about 5000 new stars are born in the universe every second. The Intelligent Designer has quite the task in front of him.

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