Scientific Miracles

Many religious believers think that their holy books contain miraculous wisdom or "scientific miracles". They argue, that the Bible or the Qur’an know things about the universe that their authors could not have known in their culture and environment. Therefore, they must have learned it through inspiration from God. While prophecies refer primarily to future events and human actions, scientific miracles refer to the universe and its laws. Both Christians and Muslims, and sometimes other believers, too, use these correlations as evidence. 

The Old Testament contains many laws concerning human behavior.

You shall also have a place outside the camp and go out there, and you shall have a [a]spade among your tools, and it shall be when you sit down outside, you shall dig with it and shall turn [b]to cover up your excrement. " Deuteronomy 23:12-13

The Bible advises people to go outside the camp to poop, and to take a shovel with them to cover up when they are done. This verse is cited as a miracle because it prevented the spread of diseases like dysentery. Pooping outside the camp was certainly a useful practice, but it is not necessary for God to reveal this. One need only think of the consequences of people in the camps not having such a practice. It is basic common sense.

The Scriptures tell the children of Israel what to do if a man has leprosy:

“All the days wherein the plague shall be in him he shall be defiled; he is unclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his habitation be” (Leviticus 13: 46).

Quarantine laws were not introduced by modern man until the 17th century. There are many references to leprosy in the Torah. Miriam's leprosy is treated with confinement outside the camp (4. Mos.12:14-15). To recognize that diseases are contagious requires no special revelation from God. People can figure this out based on their experience. Recognizing that diseases are contagious and isolating the sick helps prevent disease, is a matter of survival. It was common knowledge in the ancient Middle East. The Mari-letters, preceding the existence of Israel by several centuries (1780 BCE), say:

"I have heard that the lady Nanname has been taken ill. She has many contacts with the people of the palace. She meets many ladies in her house. Now then, give severe orders that no one should drink in the cup where she drinks, no one should sit on the seat where she sits, no one should sleep in the bed where she sleeps. She should no longer meet any ladies in her house. This disease is contagious.

Christian apologists argue that the Bible contains advanced knowledge about the "medical practice" of hand washing. Many verses in the Bible prescribe it (Psalm 26:6, Exodus 30:17-21), while Leviticus 15:13 specifically mentions that running water should be used. Washing hands was not common practice among doctors in Christian Europe until the 19th century. In 1845, a young physician in Vienna, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, was concerned about the alarming mortality rate among women who had given birth in hospitals. Shockingly, up a third of these women died from various postpartum complications. Dr. Semmelweis observed that after autopsies of deceased patients, attending physicians routinely examined expectant mothers in the maternity ward without disinfecting their hands. This was standard protocol at the time, as the concept of microscopic pathogens was not yet known. Dr. Semmelweis advocated the introduction of hand washing by physicians before conducting examinations. ​Remarkably, this simple measure led to an immediate reduction in the mortality rate.

The first problem with this argument is that once again, this practice was not unknown to the nations of the ancient Middle East.
The ancient civilizations of the Middle East could easily have figured out some basic understanding about hygiene and quarantine on their own.
They had thousands of years of sedentary, communal, agricultural life behind them. There are many texts on this subject. Ancient Mesopotamia produced various medical texts containing information about health and healing practices. The "Diagnostic Manual", for example, provides an insight into the medical knowledge of the Babylonians and also contain advice on hygiene. Another example of a text that deals with cleanliness and hygiene practices is the "Edin-Nergal" incantation tablet, which dates back to the 7th century BCE and was found in Nineveh. This tablet contains instructions for rituals to cleanse the body and remove impurities that could cause disease. Another example is the "Šurpu" series of rituals and incantations. It contains elements that have to do with cleaning and cleanliness. The ancient Egyptians left behind a wealth of written records, including medical texts such as the "Edwin Smith Papyrus" and the "Ebers Papyrus. These documents contain information on medical practices, including surgical procedures, treatments and prescriptions, which provide an insight into their understanding of hygiene and health. 

The Hippocratic Corpus is a collection of ancient Greek medical texts attributed to Hippocrates and his followers. These texts cover a wide range of medical topics, including hygiene, nutrition and disease prevention. Although they don't focus exclusively on hygiene, they contain valuable information about health practices in ancient Greece.In several texts of the Hippocratic Corpus there are references to on the importance of cleanliness in medical procedures and patient care. For example, the text "Regimen" contains advice on maintaining a clean environment for patients and ensuring cleanliness in the doctor's own practice. Similarly, the text "On Ancient Medicine" discusses the importance of a clean diet and a clean environment to prevent disease.

The second problem is that if the practice of washing hands was prescribed in the Bible, why did Christian medical doctors not practice this since antiquity? How is it possible that only in the 19th century Christians "found" this knowledge - hidden in their own most sacred text? The fact that Christians neglected this useful advice in their holy book does no credit to the Bible or Christianity.

The commandment to circumcise on the eighth day is repeated in Leviticus (12:3, 17:10-14). For apologists, this represents a miracle, because circumcision on the eighth day makes medical sense from a modern scientific perspective. The level of vitamin K, a coagulation factor, reaches its peak on the eighth day. If the boy does not have enough of it at the time of circumcision, he will bleed to death. While it may be true that it is safest to circumcise a boy on the 8th day, no divine revelation is needed to come to this realization. The ancient Israelites may have found this out through trial and error. There were fewer complications (deaths) if they postponed the procedure for a few days.

Other examples of Biblical advanced scientific knowledge involve astronomy. In Jeremiah, the number of stars is said to be countless:

"I will make the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who minister before me as countless as the stars in the sky and as measureless as the sand on the seashore. "Jeremiah 33:22 (NIV)

This verse seems to know that there are innumerable stars in the universe.

In every night sky, there are many stars to be seen with the naked eye. The total comes to 9,096 stars that can be seen in the entire sky, on both hemispheres. Half of them would have been visible to the ancient stargazer. In other words, the stars are countless - too many to count. People could look up at the sky and see “countless” stars. The study of the celestial bodies, which we call astronomy, was already practiced in the ancient world.

It is argued that Ecclesiastes 1:6 understands the mechanics of a cyclone. It says

"The wind blows to the south and turns to the north; round and round it goes, ever returning on its course."

Firstly, the verse does not say anything specific about cyclones but about the change in wind direction. Secondly, weather phenomena like cyclones were already known in antiquity. Cyclones occur mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Mediterranean region, a similar phenomenon known as "Mediterranean cyclones" or "medicanes" can occur. These storms have similar characteristics to tropical cyclones, but form in a different environment and are usually smaller in size and shorter in duration.

Isaiah 40:22 seems to know the shape of the Earth. "It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth."

The Earth is a sphere and not a circle (a two-dimensional shape). The ancient Hebrews could look up into the sky and see the circular shapes of the Sun and Moon. Perhaps the Earth was shaped like that, as well. The circular shape of the Earth is sometimes seen on the surface of the Moon.

Christian apologists often argue that Ecclesiastes 1:9 contains an understanding of the laws of conservation of energy.
The verse states: "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun."

Energy conservation laws are fundamental principles in physics that state that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time, regardless of any changes within the system. To put it more simply, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred from one object to another. However, there is no reason to make such an outlandish interpretation. The verse states that nature repeats itself - it is cyclical. Many ancient cultures and civilizations believed in cyclical worldviews. These beliefs often stemmed from observations of natural phenomena such as the cycle of the seasons, the movements of celestial bodies and the cycles of life, death and rebirth that can be observed in agriculture and in human life itself. In ancient Mesopotamia, the concept of the eternal recurrence of events, which were seen as cyclical and endlessly recurring, was widespread. In ancient Greece, philosophers such as Heraclitus proposed the idea of "panta rhei" or "everything flows"," suggesting a cyclical nature of the universe in which change is constant and everything recurs in cycles. So, the verse is more about philosophical reflections on the nature of existence. There is no reason to assume that its author knew about energy conservation laws.

Job 36:27-8 says that:

"For He draws up the drops of water, they distill rain from the mist,

Which the clouds pour down, they drip upon man abundantly."

This is sometimes presented as an understanding of the water cycle. However, it simply seems to claim that water dries up from the ground, an then comes back down again as rain. Anyone can see this.

Job 28:25.

"When He imparted weight to the wind and meted out the waters by measure"

This verse contains an understanding of air having weight, which wasn't understood at biblical times. It is known that air is a form of matter, that has mass and occupies space. The atmospheric pressure, the pressure caused by the envelope of gases or air surrounding the earth is 6.7 kg/sq. However, the verse speaks of the wind having a weight, not the air. Anyone can see that a high wind pushes against you or pushes you along. In this sense, it of course has "weight".

Qur'an 39:21 (Sahih international) describes water cycle:

"Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky and makes it flow as springs [and rivers] in the earth; then He produces thereby crops of varying colors; then they dry and you see them turned yellow; then He makes them [scattered] debris. Indeed in that is a reminder for those of understanding."

People have known how to grow plants for thousands of years. All the verse says is that rain falls and makes plants grow. It contains no information about evaporation, the first part of the water cycle.

”Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?” Qur'an. 21:30

The Qur'an links water and life. However, it is obvious that life is made of water. Especially in the desert, you notice that every living thing is filled with liquid and that everything needs it.

"A deceitful, sinful forelock." Surah.96:16.

This is a miraculous verse because the brain areas behind the forehead become more active in brain scans when the participant is told to lie. It is claimed that this is the Qur'an saying that lying is controlled by the prefrontal area of the cerebrum and that this has only been discovered by modern science – but the Qur'an was written 1400 years ago. However, in context, the verse means that they will drag the individual by the forelock of their hair - not the prefrontal cortex. The Qur'an is actually referring to the forelock, which is the lock of hair on the front of the head. And pulling on it causes great pain.

These kinds of scientific miracles are certainly possible. They would be an effective way for any higher power to prove itself to mankind. If we could see that there are physical truths in the Bible or Qur'an, we would have a good reason to conclude that the metaphysical material also contains truths.

The Bible or the Qur'an could tell us the atomic numbers of the metals of antiquity:

"Iron contains 26 atoms, copper 29, silver 47, tin 50, gold 79, mercury 80 and lead 82."

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It was discovered only in the 19th and 20th centuries. The atomic theory of John Dalton in 1808 states that each element has atoms with different masses. In 1913, Henry Moseley redefined the periodic table based on atomic numbers, using the number of protons in the nuclei of an atom. It would be hard for a historian of science to miss the fact that the text knew about atomic numbers millennia before physicists.

The Bible could describe the location and function of human organs - or even the fact that the heart keeps the blood constantly moving in the body. In 1623, an English physician, William Harvey, first described how the heart acts as a pump, propelling blood through the body. The rest of the organs were understood later.

The 17th century astronomer Galileo Galilei is supposed to have said (quoting a cardinal) that

"The intention of the Bible is to teach us how one goes to heaven, not how the heavens go."

But if the Bible taught us how the heavens go, we would have good reason to believe that it also tells us the truth about how one goes to heaven. It could tell us things like:

"There are nine planets orbiting the Sun at great speed on egg-shaped orbits. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves on its course. The Earth is ball-shaped and spins on its axis once every day. Innumerable pieces of rock material smaller than planets lie outside the ninth planet and between the fourth and fifth planets."

"the Sun is about 400 times further away from the Earth than the Moon, and 400 times bigger"

A genuine scientific miracle, or a clear body of them, would be a logical and effective way for God to make himself known to humanity. The history of science would be full of scientific corroborations of Biblical scientific wisdom. 

But, of course, no sacred text contains any genuine scientific miracles. Just the imaginings of prescientific humans. 

Christian apologists argue that the Bible is full of advanced scientific data. In the same breath, they may even argue that Christian scientists have made many important discoveries in the past centuries. Science is Christian! Yet they cannot name a single discovery that was made on the basis of the Bible.

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